South Korea’s Cultural Heritage Under Siege: Extreme Weather and Vandalism Cause Devastation in 2023

South Korea’s Cultural Heritage Suffers Damage from Extreme Weather and Vandalism in 2023

In 2023, South Korea’s cultural heritage faced significant challenges due to extreme weather events and acts of vandalism. The Cultural Heritage Administration dedicated resources to protect these valuable sites, but unfortunately, some damage occurred.

Extreme Weather

In April, Gangneung in Gangwon Province experienced a devastating wildfire caused by strong winds. This resulted in the loss of 100 houses and the evacuation of 80 residents, with several cultural heritage sites also being affected. The designated cultural heritage site, Bangaejeong, suffered partial loss, while Sangyeongjeong, an undesignated cultural heritage site near Gyeongpo Lake, was completely destroyed.

During the summer, unprecedented heavy rainfall caused significant damage to cultural heritage. Concentrated downpours led to the flooding and loss of cultural properties. In June, a single day saw rainfall of up to 250-300mm, referred to as “concentrated rainfall,” resulting in 41 cases of cultural heritage damage.

Regions such as Chungcheong, Honam, Gyeongbuk, and Jeonbuk experienced concentrated rainfall, leading to the flooding of parts of the royal palace complex, Wanggung-ri Seogungteo, and the breaking of the natural monument, Eunhaengmok, in Wonju. Registered cultural properties like Changnyeong Jo Clan’s Ganaegong House also suffered damage, including collapsed walls.

Vandalism at Gyeongbokgung Palace

During the winter, Gyeongbokgung Palace became a victim of shocking vandalism and spray graffiti. The National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage mobilized 20 experts to initiate restoration work. The spray graffiti covered an area of approximately 44 square meters, damaging the Yeongchumun Gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace and the side gate of the National Palace Museum of Korea.

The restoration process involved the use of chemical agents and various equipment to remove the paint and preserve the original structures. Currently, the restoration work is approximately 50% complete, with the spray graffiti gradually fading and only the final stages remaining.

Response and Future Preparations

The Cultural Heritage Administration announced a temporary suspension of restoration work from the 21st to the 25th of a month due to prolonged cold weather. Additionally, measures and budget allocation are being prepared to prevent further damage to South Korea’s representative cultural heritage.

Besides weather-related issues, there have been other significant changes in the field of cultural heritage. The introduction of entrance fees for cultural heritage sites since April has helped reduce conflicts between hikers and Buddhist communities. This initiative aimed to resolve ongoing conflicts between visitors to national parks and the preservation of cultural heritage.

The inclusion of Gaya Tumuli in the UNESCO World Heritage List brought immense joy to the nation. This recognition highlights the importance of Gaya Tumuli in showcasing the diversity of ancient civilizations in East Asia. The management and operation of Gaya Tumuli, which was transferred to the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism from the Cultural Heritage Administration, will continue under the Korea Cultural Heritage Foundation until the end of this year. Subsequently, it will be entrusted to the Presidential Foundation.

Furthermore, the change in terminology from “cultural heritage” to “national heritage” after 60 years signifies a conceptual expansion and aligns with international standards and UNESCO’s framework. The National Heritage Basic Act, passed in April, aims to encompass the past, present, and future within the framework of the new “national heritage” concept. This classification provides a basis for policy development that meets international standards and complies with UNESCO’s system.

The Cultural Heritage Administration remains committed to protecting and preserving South Korea’s cultural heritage, ensuring its legacy for future generations.